Lectures (Video)
- 1. How Do You Know?
- 2. Force Laws, Lewis Structures and Resonance
- 3. Double Minima, Earnshaw's Theorem and Plum-Puddings
- 4. Coping with Smallness and Scanning Probe Microscopy
- 5. X-Ray Diffraction
- 6. Seeing Bonds by Electron Difference Density
- 7. Quantum Mechanical Kinetic Energy
- 8. One-Dimensional Wave Functions
- 9. Chladni Figures and One-Electron Atoms
- 10. Reality and the Orbital Approximation
- 11. Orbital Correction and Plum-Pudding Molecules
- 12. Overlap and Atom-Pair Bonds
- 13. Overlap and Energy-Match
- 14. Checking Hybridization Theory with XH3
- 15. Chemical Reactivity: SOMO, HOMO, and LUMO
- 16. Recognizing Functional Groups
- 17. Reaction Analogies and Carbonyl Reactivity
- 18. Amide, Carboxylic Acid and Alkyl Lithium
- 19. Oxygen and the Chemical Revolution (Beginning to 1789)
- 20. Rise of the Atomic Theory (1790-1805)
- 21. Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler (1805-1832)
- 22. Radical and Type Theories (1832-1850)
- 23. Valence Theory and Constitutional Structure (1858)
- 24. Determining Chemical Structure by Isomer Counting (1869)
- 25. Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers
- 26. Van't Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon and Chirality
- 27. Communicating Molecular Structure in Diagrams and Words
- 28. Stereochemical Nomenclature; Racemization and Resolution
- 29. Preparing Single Enantiomers and the Mechanism of Optical Rotation
- 30. Esomeprazole as an Example of Drug Testing and Usage
- 31. Preparing Single Enantiomers and Conformational Energy
- 32. Stereotopicity and Baeyer Strain Theory
- 33. Conformational Energy and Molecular Mechanics
- 34. Sharpless Oxidation Catalysts and the Conformation of Cycloalkanes
- 35. Understanding Molecular Structure and Energy through Standard Bonds
- 36. Bond Energies, the Boltzmann Factor and Entropy
- 37. Potential Energy Surfaces, Transition State Theory
Introductory Organic Chemistry - Lecture 11
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Lecture 11 - Orbital Correction and Plum-Pudding Molecules
The lecture opens with tricks ("Z-effective" and "Self Consistent Field") that allow one to correct approximately for the error in using orbitals that is due to electron repulsion. This error is hidden by naming it "correlation energy." Professor McBride introduces molecules by modifying J.J. Thomson's Plum-Pudding model of the atom to rationalize the form of molecular orbitals. There is a close analogy in form between the molecular orbitals of CH4 and NH3 and the atomic orbitals of neon, which has the same number of protons and neutrons. The underlying form due to kinetic energy is distorted by pulling protons out of the Ne nucleus to play the role of H atoms.
Prof. J. Michael McBride
CHEM 125: Freshman Organic Chemistry, Fall 2008 (Yale University: Open Yale) http://oyc.yale.edu Date accessed: 2009-11-11 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA |
Lecture Material
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Supplementary lecture material is listed below.1. Quantum Mechanics VI-VII
2. Energy Scales and Correlation Energy
